About
Autumn colors at Goshikinuma showing the distinctive colored ponds surrounded by fall foliage. Source: Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0)
Goshikinuma (δΊθ²ζ²Ό, "Five-Colored Ponds") is a cluster of approximately 20-30 volcanic crater lakes located in the Urabandai Highland at the foot of Mount Bandai in Fukushima Prefecture. Created by the catastrophic 1888 eruption of Mount Bandai, these ponds display a stunning array of colors ranging from emerald green to cobalt blue, turquoise, and pastel blue due to volcanic minerals in the water. The area is part of Bandai-Asahi National Park and features an accessible 3.6-4km nature trail that takes visitors past the most spectacular ponds. π π
Volcanic Formation and Geological History
On July 15, 1888, Mount Bandai erupted in one of Japan's most devastating volcanic events, destroying dozens of villages and killing approximately 500 people. The massive eruption sent tons of volcanic debris cascading down the mountain's northern slopes, and as this material settled, it dammed several valleys creating the distinctive topography of Urabandai - a landscape dotted with innumerable small hills and valleys. π
As water accumulated in the low-lying depressions, hundreds of lakes and marshes formed, including the remarkable Goshikinuma pond cluster. While traditionally called the "Five-Colored Ponds" (referring to the five main ponds: Bishamon, Aka, Ao, Benten, and Midoro), the area actually contains 20-30 distinct bodies of water, each with its own character and hue. π π
The Science Behind the Colors
The distinctive colors of Goshikinuma's ponds result from a complex interplay of volcanic chemistry and natural phenomena. The 1888 eruption forced acidic substances into the groundwater that flows into the ponds. These acids chemically transformed into aluminum silicate crystals which mixed into the water. The crystals reflect specific wavelengths of light, creating the mysterious and varied colors that give the ponds their fame. π
The vivid, multicolored shades are caused by chemicals and mineral particles such as aluminum silicate in the water and sand, with concentrations varying between ponds. π The colors range from cobalt blue, emerald green, and turquoise blue to pastel blue, with occasional hints of crimson. These hues vary based on seasonal changes, weather conditions, viewing angles, and the concentration of volcanic substances in the water. π
Some ponds maintain very acidic conditions with pH levels so low they cannot support aquatic life, a testament to the ongoing volcanic influence in the region. π
The Individual Ponds
Bishamon-numa (ζ―ζ²ιζ²Ό) - The largest pond in the system, known for its vivid emerald green color. Rowboats are available for hire on Bishamon-numa, allowing visitors to experience the pond from water level. Large numbers of carp can be seen swimming about, including a rare one with heart-shaped spots on her side which locals believe brings good luck to those who spot it. π π
Ao-numa (ιζ²Ό, Blue Pond) - Displays a beautiful blue-green color with a somewhat milky aspect. The water's high acidity causes overhanging branches that touch the surface to bleach white, creating an otherworldly appearance. During autumn, the pond beautifully shimmers against the deep orange background of fall foliage. π
Aka-numa (θ΅€ζ²Ό, Red Pond), Benten-numa (εΌε€©ζ²Ό), and Midoro-numa (γΏγ©γζ²Ό) - Each displays its own distinctive coloration ranging from reddish green to various shades of blue and turquoise, contributing to the "five colors" that give the area its name. π
The colors of each pond mysteriously fluctuate throughout the year with weather conditions, time of day, and seasonal changes, meaning no two visits reveal exactly the same palette. π
Visiting Information
Access from Aizuwakamatsu:
By Car (Recommended):
- Distance: Approximately 38 km (23.4 miles)
- Drive time: 35-45 minutes via Route 49 and Route 459
- Parking: Free parking available at both the Urabandai Visitor Center (eastern entrance) and Urabandai Bussan-kan (western entrance)
- Note: Car access provides significantly more flexibility for this mountain region where public transportation is limited π π
By Public Transportation:
- From Aizuwakamatsu Station: Take JR Ban-etsu West Line to Inawashiro Station (approximately 25 minutes)
- From Inawashiro Station: Take Bandai Toto Bus bound for Urabandai Kogen-eki or Onogawako Iriguchi
- To Goshikinuma Iriguchi stop (eastern trailhead): 30 minutes, 790 yen
- To Urabandai Kogen-eki stop (western trailhead): 35 minutes, 910 yen
- Bus frequency: One bus every 1-2 hours (infrequent service)
- Total travel time: Approximately 1-1.5 hours each way
- Important: Buses are infrequent and may not connect well with JR train schedules. Check current timetables in advance. π π
Operating Hours:
- Open year-round, 24 hours (outdoor trail)
- Urabandai Visitor Center: 9:00 AM - 5:00 PM (summer), 9:00 AM - 4:00 PM (winter), closed Tuesdays π
Admission:
- Free access to the nature trail
- Trail map available at visitor center for 100 yen (recommended) π
- Rowboat rental on Bishamon-numa: Fee applies (winter closure for boats) π
Best Time to Visit:
- Peak autumn foliage: Mid-October to early November (IDEAL for visit dates)
- Spring: Fresh green foliage and comfortable temperatures
- Summer: Lush vegetation and pleasant mountain climate
- Winter: Snow-covered landscapes with particularly vivid water colors (snowshoes required) π
Current Status:
- Open and accessible
- Trail conditions may be muddy after rain
- Winter access requires snowshoes (1-2m of snow depth) π
The Trail Experience
The Goshikinuma Nature Trail spans 3.6-4 km and leads mostly through forest, passing numerous ponds colored in various hues of blue, green, and turquoise. The path is relatively flat with minimal elevation gain (126m/413ft total), making it accessible to most fitness levels. π
Trail Characteristics:
- Distance: 3.6-4 km one-way
- Surface: Well-maintained, mostly flat forest trail
- Difficulty: Moderate (easy walking but attention needed for rocky sections and potential mud)
- Accessibility: Wheelchair friendly with maximum gradient of 5%, planked in places π
- Trail starts and ends at different locations (one-way route)
- Typical duration: 1-1.5 hours (steady walking pace) or 2-3 hours with photography stops π
The trail can be walked in either direction, but many visitors start at the eastern entrance (Goshikinuma Iriguchi) near the Urabandai Visitor Center and walk west to the Urabandai Bussan-kan, as this follows the natural flow of the pond sequence. After hiking the one-way trail, you can take a local bus between the two trailheads for 250 yen rather than backtracking. π π
Seasonal Viewing Experience
Autumn (Mid-October to Early November - OPTIMAL FOR VISIT): The contrast between the naturally colored ponds and the vibrant autumn foliage creates Goshikinuma's most spectacular visual experience. Maple, larch, and rowan trees display deep orange, red, and yellow hues that reflect on the pond surfaces, creating a "fantastical landscape" that draws photographers from across Japan. The pond colors appear most vivid against the warm-toned autumn backdrop. π π
Other Seasons:
- Spring: Fresh green foliage and wildflowers along the trail
- Summer: Lush forest canopy provides shade, comfortable mountain temperatures
- Winter: Snow transforms the landscape into a winter wonderland, with pond colors appearing especially vivid against white snow (snowshoes required for access) π
Urabandai Visitor Center
The large, well-equipped Urabandai Visitor Center at the eastern trailhead offers:
- Exhibits about the national park's ecosystems (waterfront, forest, and plains sections)
- Displays on local plants, animals, and terrain evolution
- 20-minute video showcasing Urabandai Highland through the four seasons
- Bear bells and hiking boots available for rent
- Clean restroom facilities
- Information about nearby trails and Mount Bandai hiking options
- Trail maps for purchase (100 yen, highly recommended) π π
The visitor center was renovated and reopened in April 2025, with updated exhibits and facilities. π
Practical Visiting Tips
Photography Strategies
Best Photo Spots:
- Bishamon-numa viewing platform: Captures the largest pond with mountain backdrop
- Ao-numa shoreline: The milky blue-green color photographs exceptionally well
- Various designated viewpoints along the trail offer pond-specific perspectives
- Use a polarizing filter to reduce glare and enhance water colors
- Bring a tripod for reflection photography in calm conditions π
Best Timing:
- Morning light (before 11:00 AM) offers best reflection visibility
- Overcast days can enhance water colors by reducing glare
- Calm weather essential for reflection photography
- Ponds face different directions, so lighting varies throughout the day π
Crowd Avoidance
- Start early (7:00-8:00 AM) to beat tour groups and day-trippers
- Weekdays significantly less crowded than weekends during autumn season
- If visiting on weekend, arrive by 8:00 AM
- Western ponds (near Urabandai Bussan-kan) tend to be less crowded than eastern entrance ponds π
Hiking Preparation
Footwear:
- Sturdy hiking shoes or boots strongly recommended
- Trail can be muddy, especially after rain
- Scattered rocks and roots require attention
- Do not wear shoes you mind getting dirty π
What to Bring:
- Trail map from visitor center (100 yen)
- Water and snacks (no facilities along trail)
- Layers for changing mountain weather
- Camera with extra batteries/memory cards
- Bear bell (available for rent at visitor center)
- Walking stick helpful for rocky sections π
Trail Strategy:
- No restrooms along the trail; use facilities at visitor centers before starting
- Purchase trail map showing all pond locations and viewpoints
- Allow 2-3 hours for leisurely walk with photo stops
- One-way trail means planning return transportation or walking back
- Bus available between trailheads (250 yen) to avoid backtracking π
Weather and Seasonal Preparation
For October-November Visit:
- Layer clothing: t-shirt, fleece, windbreaker
- Rain jacket recommended (quick mountain weather changes)
- Hat and sunglasses for sunny periods
- Temperature comfortable for hiking but cooler than valley
- Check weather forecast before departing Aizuwakamatsu π
Cultural Etiquette
- Stay on designated trails to protect fragile volcanic landscape
- Do not touch or disturb pond water (some are highly acidic)
- Pack out all trash (minimal facilities along trail)
- Keep noise levels low to respect nature and other visitors
- Wildlife present; do not feed animals
- Respect "No Entry" signs in sensitive ecological areas π
Safety Considerations
- Trail is generally safe but attention needed on rocky, uneven sections
- Volcanic minerals make some pond water highly acidic - do not drink
- Bear bells recommended (bears present in region but encounters rare)
- Mobile phone signal may be weak in some areas
- Stay on marked trails at all times
- In case of emergency, return to nearest visitor center for assistance
- Winter access requires snowshoe experience due to 1-2m snow depth π
Nearby Attractions
Mount Bandai Summit: The active volcano whose 1888 eruption created Goshikinuma offers several hiking trails for more ambitious trekkers. The mountain provides spectacular views of the surrounding region and Lake Inawashiro. π
Lake Inawashiro (Inawashiro-ko): Japan's fourth-largest lake, located about 20 minutes drive from Goshikinuma. The lake offers boating, swimming beaches, and additional scenic viewpoints. Often combined with Goshikinuma for a full day of natural sightseeing. π
Lake Hibara (Hibara-ko): Another volcanic lake in the Urabandai region, slightly larger than the Goshikinuma ponds. Popular for water sports and fishing. The western end of the Goshikinuma trail connects near Lake Hibara. π
Bandai-Azuma Skyline: A 29km mountain road offering panoramic views of the volcanic landscape (seasonal closure in winter). Located north of Goshikinuma, accessible by car. π
Location: View on Google Maps
Source: attractions/aizuwakamatsu/goshikinuma-five-colored-ponds.md