About
View of Mount Aso's Nakadake crater from Kusasenri grassland, showing the active volcanic landscape. Photo by Hahifuheho, Wikimedia Commons (CC0 1.0 Public Domain)
Kusasenri (θειγΆζ΅, Kusasenri-ga-hama) is a vast, picturesque grassy plain within the Aso caldera, one of the world's largest volcanic calderas. What remains of a volcanic crater on the northern slope of Mount Eboshidake, this emerald grassland spans 785,000 square meters at an elevation of 1,140 meters above sea level. π The site was created by a volcanic eruption approximately 30,000 years ago and has been transformed over the past millennium into a carefully managed cultural landscape that exemplifies sustainable agricultural practices. π
Kusasenri presents a striking juxtaposition of peaceful pastoral beauty against the dramatic backdrop of an active volcano. The roughly circular grassland basin contains two crater lakes formed from pooled rainwater, creating stunning reflections of the smoking Mount Nakadake in the distance. π
This is not a wild, untamed landscape but rather a meticulously maintained "secondary grassland" - a living example of sustainable human-environment interaction that has been practiced for over 1,000 years. The grasslands are mentioned in the Kojiki, Japan's oldest extant chronicle from the 8th century, indicating that local residents were already managing these lands since at least that period. π
Cultural and Agricultural Significance
The grassland is designated as a National Place of Scenic Beauty and Natural Monument, and is a key component of the Aso region's recognition as a Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System (GIAHS) by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. π
The Aso grasslands represent a sophisticated circular agricultural system recognized by UNESCO as a Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System in 2013. π This traditional system includes:
- Grazing: Vast pastures for the region's famous Akaushi (Japanese Brown) cattle and horses
- Sustainable harvesting: Grass cut in autumn for livestock fodder and bedding
- Composting: Animal manure mixed with harvested grass creates rich fertilizer for rice paddies
- Thatching materials: Susuki (Japanese pampas grass) used for traditional thatched-roof construction across Japan
The most crucial practice is noyaki (ιηΌγ), controlled burning conducted annually from mid-February through March. π This thousand-year-old tradition serves multiple purposes:
- Prevents forestation and maintains open grassland
- Eliminates ticks and pests harmful to livestock
- Returns nutrients to the volcanic ash soil
- Promotes fresh grass growth for spring grazing
Remarkably, research shows that noyaki is carbon-negative - the amount of CO2 that remains as ash exceeds the amount released during burning. π
Visiting Information
Getting There
From Kumamoto City:
- Take JR Hohi Main Line to Aso Station (approximately 1.5 hours)
- From Aso Station, board Sanko Bus bound for Aso Sanjo Terminal
- Alight at "Kusasenri Aso Kazan Hakubutsukan-mae" bus stop (29 minutes, Β₯1,000 one way)
- Buses depart every 1-2 hours π
From Kumamoto Airport:
- Airport shuttle "Yamabiko" bus to Aso Station (approximately 1.5 hours)
- Transfer to local bus as above π
By Car:
- Approximately 50 minutes from Kumamoto Airport
- Large paid parking area available (500 car capacity)
- Parking fee applies π
Operating Information
Hours: Open 24/7 year-round (outdoor natural area with no gates) π
Admission: Free - no entry fees for the grassland itself π
Horse Riding: Β₯1,500 for 5 minutes (available early March to mid-December, supervised rides suitable for children and beginners) π
Best time to visit: Early morning or late afternoon for magical lighting and fewer crowds. November offers autumn colors (golden-brown grass), clear weather, and possible early snow on Mount Nakadake. π
Typical duration: 1-2 hours for walking the grassland; add 30-60 minutes if including the Aso Volcano Museum or hiking to Mount Eboshi summit π
Current status: Open and accessible. Check volcanic activity alerts before visiting as increased activity from Mount Nakadake can occasionally affect access to the area. π
The Grassland Experience
Walking the Grassland
The grassland is open for free walking exploration. A simple plateau walk around the perimeter takes approximately 1-1.5 hours and offers stunning views of the crater lakes, grazing horses and cattle, and the smoking Nakadake volcano. π The relatively flat terrain makes this accessible for most fitness levels.
Important: Stay on designated paths to prevent disease transmission to livestock and protect grassland vegetation. π
Mount Eboshi Summit Hike
For more adventurous visitors, a loop trail leads to the summit of Mount Eboshi (1,337m), taking approximately 1.5-2 hours round trip with 780 feet elevation gain. The summit offers panoramic views of Kusasenri, Nakadake crater, and the entire Aso caldera. π
Horse Riding Experience
Safe, supervised horseback rides (staff-led on foot) allow visitors to experience the grassland from horseback. At Β₯1,500 for 5 minutes, this is a popular activity suitable for families with children. π
Critical Safety Warning: Do NOT approach, touch, or feed the grazing horses independently. This is extremely dangerous. Only participate in the official supervised riding program. π
Aso Volcano Museum & Mount Aso Visitor Center
Located at the Kusasenri parking area, the Aso Volcano Museum offers exhibitions about the volcanic geology, ecosystem, and UNESCO Geopark designation. The Mount Aso Visitor Center (on the museum's first floor) provides free exhibitions, information about Aso-Kuju National Park, trekking routes, and cultural context about grassland management. π
The museum's second floor and above require admission. First floor includes a gift shop and restaurant serving local cuisine. π
Kusasenri Coffee Roastery
This surprisingly modern establishment features concrete, black, and white decor complementing the volcanic landscape. Located at 2391-15 Nagakusa, Aso, it offers freshly roasted coffee (from Β₯500), charcoal latte, milk-brew, and matcha drinks in a space with panoramic grassland views. π Indoor seating and terrace available; menu accessed via QR code.
Seasonal Observation
November visits showcase the grassland's transition from autumn gold to winter silver. The grass changes to amber and gold hues, with the possibility of the season's first snow dusting Mount Nakadake. π Clear autumn air provides excellent visibility for photography and volcano observation.
November Visit Considerations
Seasonal Conditions
Weather: November temperatures in Aso average 48-60Β°F (9-15Β°C) with cool, comfortable conditions and minimal rainfall. However, the grassland sits at 1,140 meters elevation where temperatures are significantly cooler and windier than valley areas. π
Clothing Recommendations:
- Lined coat or warm jacket (early winter clothing)
- Scarf and hat (winds blow very strong - watch your hat!)
- Long sleeves and layers for temperature variation
- Comfortable walking shoes for potentially wet grass π
Autumn Colors: Peak autumn colors occur in the second half of October through early November. The grasslands transform to golden-brown tones with surrounding mountains displaying red and yellow foliage. π
Early Snow: November marks the transition to winter with possible first snow dusting on Mount Nakadake's peaks, creating dramatic photographic opportunities. π
Photography Conditions
Best Lighting: Early morning and late afternoon provide magical side-lighting that emphasizes the grassland's contours and the volcanic landscape. Midday can be harsh and crowded. π
Key Photo Subjects:
- Emerald/golden grassland with smoking Mount Nakadake backdrop
- Crater lakes with mountain reflections (early morning for calm water)
- Grazing horses and cattle against volcanic landscape
- 360-degree panoramas from Mount Eboshi summit
- Observation station viewpoint (1,100m elevation) π
Weather Variability: Mountain weather changes rapidly. Some visitors encounter deep fog that obscures views. Check weather forecasts and volcanic activity reports before visiting. π
Special Events
Noyaki Season: The famous controlled burning occurs from mid-February through March, peaking with the Aso Fire Festival in March. November visits will not include noyaki but offer autumn landscape beauty. π
Practical Visiting Tips
Transportation Planning
- Bus schedules are limited (every 1-2 hours) - note return times before starting your visit
- Consider visiting Nakadake crater first, then taking the bus or walking back to Kusasenri π
- For GPS navigation, use Aso Volcano Museum phone number: 0967-34-2111 π
Cost-Saving Options
- The grassland itself is completely free
- Walking trails are free
- Pack snacks/drinks or visit the coffee roastery for reasonably priced refreshments (Β₯500+)
- Museum first floor is free; only upper floors require admission π
Best Photo Spots
- Observation station at 1,100m elevation for 360-degree views
- Crater lake edges for reflection shots (morning calm)
- Mount Eboshi summit for comprehensive caldera panoramas
- Along the walking path with horses and Mount Nakadake in frame π
Crowd Management
- Early morning visits offer fewer tourists and better lighting
- Late afternoon also less crowded than midday tour bus arrivals
- November is generally less crowded than spring and summer peak seasons
Cultural Etiquette
Respecting the Working Landscape:
- This is an active agricultural area, not just a tourist attraction
- Stay on designated paths to protect grassland and prevent disease transmission to livestock
- Do not litter - carry all trash with you
- Fires strictly prohibited (except official noyaki conducted by trained locals) π
Animal Safety:
- Do NOT approach, touch, or feed grazing horses or cattle
- Only participate in supervised horseback riding programs
- Be aware of "lost horse items" (manure) when walking π
Understanding Grassland Management:
- Appreciate that this landscape exists because of thousand-year-old sustainable practices
- The grasslands would naturally revert to forest without annual noyaki burning
- Volunteer participation in grassland maintenance is increasingly vital as farming populations age π
Weather and Seasonal Preparation
November-Specific Preparations:
- Check weather forecast - mountain conditions differ significantly from valley
- Monitor volcanic activity alerts at Mount Aso Visitor Center website π
- Bring warm layers and windproof jacket
- Carry rain gear for sudden weather changes
- Sunglasses and sun protection (high altitude, reflective grass)
Respiratory Considerations:
- If you have respiratory conditions, exercise caution near the crater area due to volcanic gases
- Follow all safety instructions at viewing areas π
Integration with Other Locations
Kusasenri serves as the natural centerpiece of a Mount Aso exploration itinerary. The location provides:
Geographic Connection: Positioned between the valley floor (Aso city/Aso Shrine area) and the mountain summit (Nakadake crater area), making it a convenient midpoint stop when traveling by bus or car.
Cultural Context: Complements understanding gained at Aso Shrine about the region's spiritual and agricultural traditions. The grassland demonstrates the practical application of sustainable land management mentioned in cultural heritage sites.
Volcanic Landscape Progression: After viewing the active Nakadake crater up close, Kusasenri offers perspective on how volcanic activity shaped the broader landscape and enabled unique ecosystems.
Day Trip Structure: Easily combines with Daikanbo Observatory (morning caldera views) β Kusasenri (midday exploration) β Nakadake Crater (afternoon visit, weather permitting) β Aso Shrine (late afternoon/evening) route.
Nearby Attractions
Within Aso Caldera:
- Nakadake Crater: Active volcanic crater with viewing platforms (subject to volcanic activity levels)
- Aso Shrine: Important Shinto shrine in the valley (undergoing earthquake reconstruction)
- Daikanbo Observatory: Panoramic views of the entire Aso caldera and five peaks
- Aso Farmland: Themed park with hot springs and accommodation
- Komezuka: Perfect cone-shaped volcanic hill
Important Notes
Volcanic Activity Monitoring
Mount Aso is an active volcano with ongoing monitoring. Volcanic alert levels can change, affecting access to Nakadake crater and surrounding areas. While Kusasenri itself is at a safe distance, check current conditions at the Mount Aso Visitor Center website or contact them before your visit. π
Accessibility Considerations
The grassland walking paths are relatively flat but consist of natural grass and dirt surfaces that may be uneven or wet. The terrain is generally accessible for moderate mobility levels but may challenge wheelchair users or those with significant mobility limitations. The Aso Volcano Museum and facilities have paved access.
Horse Riding Availability
Horseback riding operates from early March to mid-December, so it should be available for your November 1 visit. However, confirm availability on the day as weather conditions may affect operations. π
Bus Schedule Dependency
Public transportation to Kusasenri operates on limited schedules (1-2 hour intervals). Missing a bus could significantly impact your itinerary. Note the return bus times immediately upon arrival and plan your activities accordingly. π
The Living Cultural Landscape
Understanding that Kusasenri represents a thousand-year partnership between humans and nature fundamentally enhances the visiting experience. This is not pristine wilderness but a UNESCO-recognized example of sustainable agricultural heritage facing modern challenges as farming populations decline. Your visit helps raise awareness of the importance of preserving these traditional practices. π
Location: View on Google Maps
Source: attractions/kumamoto/kusasenri-grassland.md